In brief, PAL is intended to improve the quality of care in patients who seek assistance for respiratory symptoms in PHC settings and the efficiency of respiratory service delivery within health systems, with a focus on the district health system. In 2009, PAL was recognised for its contribution to the strengthening of health systems and, thus, became a sub-component of the new Stop TB Strategy. Moreover, by increasing the clinical efficiency and quality of services rendered by primary care facilities, they should become more patient receptive and attract sufferers who previously avoided them. PAL is aimed at improving the management of major respiratory disorders, and in the process increases the identification of TB patients among all those with compatible symptoms who seek care in PHC settings.
#Budgeting a practical approach 2nd edition answers how to
PAL was initiated in light of the progress made in the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy, as there were no clearly formulated instructions on how to manage patients aged >5 yrs with respiratory symptoms. 2) To improve the efficiency of the delivery of respiratory services within the overall health system, with a focus on coordination and integration of respiratory case management within the district health system of low- and middle-income countries, particularly those with already successful TB control programmes or a high prevalence of HIV infection. 1) To improve the quality of management of patients with respiratory symptoms in the setting of PHC. In an effort to remedy this challenging situation, the Stop TB Department of WHO has inaugurated several initiatives to improve global TB control, among those is PAL (Practical Approach to Lung Health), which has the following specific goals. Accessibility to care and availability of essential drugs remain important obstacles to improving care in many countries. Common problems are underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis leading to inappropriate reliance upon antibiotics and underuse of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma as many national managers in the Ministry of Health consider the unit cost of inhaled corticosteroids too high, and favour oral treatment. In many developing countries, programmes for the management of respiratory diseases are poorly developed or limited, and the quality of care offered is often of a low standard. Primary healthcare (PHC) facilities, while geared to identify patients that might have TB, are often poorly resourced for making other respiratory diagnoses or for treating even pneumonia. Ĭhronic respiratory disorders, particularly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have attracted limited special attention in low- and middle-income countries. Even in Europe, TB continues to pose a public-health threat with inappropriate care, particularly in multidrug-resistant disease. Poor TB case detection is also linked to substandard local health facilities, which, owing to their perceived lack of quality, are shunned by people who need diagnosis and treatment. Improved passive case detection is fundamental to the control of the TB epidemic and depends on alert clinicians identifying TB in patients seeking primary care for respiratory symptoms. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 50% of people with tuberculosis (TB) are never diagnosed as having the disease and so cannot benefit from treatment, leaving the epidemic unchecked despite increasing global coverage by treatment programmes.
0 kommentar(er)
